Table Of Contents
      Chapter 3: Detentions:
         General Rule
         Test
         Detentions vs. Arrests
            General Rule
            Indicators of an Arrest:
               The Use of Firearms
               The Use of Handcuffs
               A Locked Patrol Car
               Show of Force
               Physical Touching
               Transporting a Detainee
            Exceptions:
               In General
               Examples
               Case Law
            Non-Consensual Transportation Exceptions
         Reasonable Suspicion
            Defined
            Articulable Objective Suspicion
            A Hunch
            The Totality of the Circumstances
            The Officer's Subjective Conclusions
            A Seizure
            Probable Cause vs. Reasonable Suspicion
         Various Factors
            In General
            A 'High Crime' or 'High Narcotics' Area
         Types of Detentions:
            Traffic Stops:
               Detention vs. Arrest
               No Law Enforcement Involvement
               Moving Violations
               Vehicle Code Equipment Violations
               Weaving Within the Lane
               Gang-Related Investigations
               To Identify a Suspect in a Criminal Offense
               Mistake of Law vs. Mistake of Fact
               Pretext Stops
               Motor Vehicle Passengers:
                  To Arrest a Passenger
                  To Detain a Passenger
                  Ordering Out
                  Ordering In
                  Flight
               Search Incident to Citation
            Detention of Residents During the Execution of a Search Warrant
            Prolonged Detentions
            Enlarging the Scope of the Original Detention
            Taking Fingerprints
            Driving Under the Influence Cases:
               Weaving
               DUI (and Other Regulatory “Special Needs”) Checkpints
               Other Regulatory Checkpoints
               Dual Purpose Checkpoints
               Multiple Agency Checkpoints
               Drug Interdiction Checkpoints
            A Field Interview
            During Execution of a Search or Arrest Warrant, or Fourth Waiver Search
            Pending the Obtaining of a Search Warrant
         Anonymous Information
            Rule:
               Pat Down for Weapons
               Contraband in a Vehicle
               Specific Physical Description
               Further Examples
               Looking for Exceptions
            Corroboration
               Rule
               Examples
            In a Prison or Jail
         Minors
            School Officials
            A School Resource Officer
            Minors Violating Curfew
         Miranda
         Use of Force
            Factors
            Refusal to Submit
            Use of Firearms, Handcuffs, Locked Patrol Car, or a Show of Force
            Detentions in a Residence During the Execution of a Search Warrant
            Deadly Force
         Demanding Identification
         Detentions of Employees in the Workplace (or Students at School)
         Seizure of Firearms During a Detention
         Detention Examples, in General
         Merchants, Library Employees and Theater Owners