Table Of Contents
      Chapter 6: Searches with a Search Warrant:
         Search Warrant Defined
         Preference for Search Warrants
         Why Search Warrants are Preferred
            Presumption of Lawfulness with a Warrant
               Motion to Quash
               Motion to Traverse
               Benefit of the Doubt
            Presumption of Unlawfulness Without a Warrant
            Good Faith
               The Exclusionary Rule
               Exceptions to Good Faith Rule
                  Magistrate Misled
                  Magistrate Abandoned Judicial Role
                  Lack of Indicia of Probable Cause
                  Warrant Deficient
                  Affidavit Based on Illegally Collected Information
                  Wiretap Statutes Violation
               Exigent Circumstances
               Examples
            Ramey Inapplicable
            Consensual Searches
            Informants
            Acting in the Performance of His Duties
         Non-Standard Types of Warrants:
            Telephonic Search Warrants
            Anticipatory Search Warrants
            Sneak and Peek Warrants
            AIDS Testing
            Records of Foreign Corporations Providing Electronic Communications or Remote Computing Services, per P.C. § 1524.2
            Records of Foreign Corporations Providing Electronic Communications or Remote Computing Services in Misdemeanor cases, per P.C. § 1524.3
         Requirement of a “Neutral and Detached” Magistrate:
            Rule
            Violations
         Composition of a Search Warrant
            The Warrant Itself
               Contents
               Statutory Grounds for Issuance
            The Affidavit to the Search Warrant
               Defined
               Probable Cause
               Minimum Contents
               The “Reasonable Particularity” Requirement
                  The Persons, Places, Things and Vehicles to be Searched
                  The Property to be Seized
                  Inadvertent Changes to the Language of a Warrant and Affidavit
                  General Warrants
               Supplementation to the Affidavit
               Combined Affidavit with Warrant
               Multiple Affidavits
               Staleness
               Fingerprints
               Description of the Facts
               Good Faith
               Use of Hearsay
               Miranda
               Fourth Amendment Violations
               Privileged Information
               Nighttime Searches
               Leaving a Copy at the Scene
               Victim and Witness Confidential Information
            The Receipt and Inventory
         Sources of Information Establishing Probable Cause:
            Other Police Officers
            Citizen Informants
            Reliable (“Tested”) Informants
            Unreliable (“Untested”) Informants
            Anonymous Informants
            Confidential Informants:
               Problem
               Rule
               Restrictions
               Revealing an Informant’s Identity
               Luttenberger Motions
            An Informant Sworn Before A Magistrate; A Skelton Warrant
         Probable Cause Issues:
            Anonymous Information
            The Cleland Warrant
            Trashcan Searches
            Computer Searches
         Use of a Search Warrant:
            Rule
            Exceptions
               Exigent Circumstances
               Consent
               Inevitable Discovery
               Searches of Vehicles
               Searches of Persons with Probable Cause
               Searches Incident to Arrest
               Administrative/Regulatory Searches
            Crime Scene Searches
            Bank Records
               Customer Authorization
               Administrative Subpoena or Summons
               Search Warrant
               Judicial Subpoena or Subpoena Duces Tecum
               Police Request
               Victimized Financial Institution
            Credit Card Information
            Telephone Records:
               Unlisted Numbers
               Telephone Calls Made
               Certification for Non-Disclosure
               Pen Registers and Trap and Trace
               P.C. § 1524.2: Out-of-State Electronic Communications Information
               P.C. § 1524.3: Out-of-State Electronic Communications Information in Misdemeanor Cases
            Wiretaps and Eavesdropping
               Federal Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 vs. P.C. §§ 629.50 et seq.
               Statement of Legislative Purpose
               Prisoner Telephone Conversations
               Wiretapping
                  Prohibitions
                  Punishment
                  Exceptions
                  Prisoner Visitors
                  Non-Admissibility
                  Similar Restrictions
               A “Controlled Phone Call”
               P.C. §§ 629.50 et seq., Wiretaps
               Requirements/Application for a Wiretap Order
               Definitions
                  Wire Communication
                  Electronic Pager Communication
                  Electronic Cellular Telephone Communication
                  Aural Transfer
               Authority to Issue a Wiretap Order
               Judicial Guidelines
               Contents of the Wiretap Order
               Oral Approval in Lieu of Court Order
               Duration of a Wiretap Order
               Progress Report
               Report to Attorney General
               Annual Report to the Legislature
               Recording, Sealing and Retaining Intercepted Communications
               Application and Orders to be Sealed
               Notice to Parities to Intercepted Communications
               Discovery Prerequisites to Use in Evidence
               Motions to Suppress
               Disclosure to Other Law Enforcement Agencies
               Use of Intercepted Information
               Disclosure of Intercepted Information in Testimony
               Privileged Communications
               Interception of Communications Relating to Crimes Other Than Those Specified in the Authorization Order
                  Violent Felonies
                  Other Than Violent Felonies
                  Right to Notice and Copy
               The “Plain View” Doctrine
               Criminal Punishment for Violations
               Civil Remedies for Unauthorized Interceptions
               Effects of Other Statutes
               Covert Residential Entries
               Order for Cooperation of Public Utilities, Landlords, Custodians and Others
               Civil or Criminal Liability; Reliance Upon Court Order
               Authority to Conform Proceedings and Order to Constitutional Requirements
               Training and Certification of Law Enforcement Officers
               Severability
               Automatic Repeal
               Eavesdropping, Compared
         Limitations on the Use of Search Warrants:
            Newsroom Searches
            Searches of Indian Tribal Property
            Retention of the Documents
         Mechanics of Preparation
         Service and Return:
            To “Any Peace Officer”
            Necessity to Serve
            Night Service
            Out-of-County Service
            Who May Serve
            Knock and Notice:
               General Rule
               Purpose
               Problem
               Exceptions:
                  Businesses
                  Inner Doors of a Residence
               Refusal
                  Implied Refusal
                  Reasonable Time
               Exigent Circumstances
               Doctrine of Substantial Compliance
               No-Knock Search Warrants
               Entry by Ruse
               Standing; An Absent Tenant
               Sanctions for Violations
               Not Necessarily a Fourth Amendment Violation
            Seizing Items not Listed in the Warrant
            Answering the Telephone
            Time Limitations
            One Continuous Search
            Leaving a Copy of the Warrant
               The Receipt and Inventory
               The Federal Rule
               The Ninth Circuit Court of Appeal’s Opinion
            Destruction of Property
            Sealing the Warrant Affidavit:
               How Accomplished
               When Warrants May be Sealed
               Criticism of Procedure
               Court Procedures
               Retention of the Documents
         Return of Property
         Extensions
         Special Masters:
            Rule
            When Not Applicable
            The “Special Master”
            Documentary Evidence
            Procedure
            The Court Hearing
            Other Service Conditions
         Other Warrants:
            Inspection Warrants
            Rendition (or Extradition):
               Art. IV, § 2, Clause 2, U.S. Constitution
               The Implementing Statute
               International Extraditions
               Extradition Between States: The Uniform Criminal Extradition Act
                  Adoption in California
                  P.C. § 1548.1
                  Procedure
            Unlawful Flight to Avoid Prosecution (“UFAP”)
               Scope
               Purpose
               Procedure
               Parental Kidnappings
               Avoiding Custody or Confinement
               Avoiding Giving Testimony
               Avoiding Service of Process
               State Extradition
               Dismissal of Federal Complaint